SUVA (Fiji) — The Fijian government is advancing legislation to restore customary marine rights to Indigenous iTaukei communities over world-renowned surfing reefs such as Cloudbreak, reversing decades of state control and private exclusivity. The new marine bill would recognise traditional governance of qoliqoli, which are customary fishing and marine areas, and enable iTaukei to negotiate leases and receive compensation from tourism and fishing activities in their waters.
Cloudbreak, one of the most famous surf breaks globally, was historically controlled by luxury resorts under exclusive agreements until a 2010 decree ended those deals but also transferred rights to the state, opening access to all surfers while sidelining Indigenous ownership and economic benefit. The proposed law aims to correct that by returning decision-making and financial stakes to local communities whose cultural identity and livelihoods are tied to the sea.
Tourism, which accounts for a significant portion of Fiji’s economy and draws hundreds of thousands of surfers and other visitors annually, could be affected by changes in lease structures and revenue sharing. Some tourism operators have voiced concern about uncertainty over implementation and potential impacts on business models. Proponents argue the reform will ensure Indigenous people benefit more equitably from natural resources long central to both culture and commerce in Fiji.
Fiji’s Indigenous population, the iTaukei, have inhabited the islands for thousands of years with deep spiritual and economic connections to land and ocean, but colonial and post-colonial governance structures gradually eroded many customary rights. The current initiative is part of broader efforts to strengthen Indigenous legal recognition and participation in resource management.
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